Water hardness that is caused by calcium bicarbonate and other minerals is known as temporary, because change of pressure and heating converts the bicarbonate and other soluble minerals to the insoluble carbonate, barite and pyrite. Hardness from the other salts is called permanent. Calcium and magnesium ions in hard water and seawater that are injected down to the oil layer to float the oil to the top are heated and mixed with the oil 50-50. As this mixture is forced in to the production pipe at high pressure. The water becomes supersaturated and precipitate calcium carbonate and other minerals in the form of Aragonite, barite, pyrite and silicates, on the surfaces of the production pipeline, gradually reducing the rate of production. In addition calcium deposits and bio fouling that reduce oil production also plague the water injection wells and the high pressure pumping system.

The introduction of VEM Technology in Oil production will dissolve existing scale, prevent new scale, prevent bio fouling and save on costly chemicals and improve oil production.

Applying the VEM Technology to both the production well and the injection achieve this.

Fuel does not have a di-pole moment. This would mean that fuel should not respond to the presence of a magnetic field, however, Faraday's systematic investigations showed that all substances are magnetic, although in most cases the magnetic effect is very feeble. Then the question of fuel (considered to be non-di-polar), a polar substance, not having the ability to take on a magnetic moment is not true, for all electrons in all substances are effected by an external magnetic field.

It is important to note that di-poles were created as a mental construct and termed as no more than a convenient fiction useful in explaining the phenomenon of the observed magnet to twist in a magnetic field, in terms of force, namely those on the poles.. One should be careful not to believe or use the di-pole definition too literally.

It is very important to note that in a fluid that is being effected by an external magnetic field, the electron excitation (magnetic moment) occurring effects the molecular orientation, which because it is fluid, re-arranges its electrons, molecular and atomic symmetry to accommodate the external magnetic effect. When the external field is relaxed, the electrons remain in their higher potential (spin energy) because of the fluid's ability which allowed molecular and atomic re-arrangement (i.e. Ellington's Memory effect, See; Science News, Sept. 6, 1980, page 155). With the exception of the ferromagnetic sub-class of solid elements, once the external magnetic field is relaxed, the solid element goes back to its previous state. As in just the opposite of a fluid, the solid element can not re-arrange its molecular and atomic symmetry to accommodate the external magnetic force, therefore, after removal of the external magnetic field, there is little to no measurable potential or useable effect. However, it is important to note that magnetic fields are used in many metal forming processes in which solid elements, when heated to a fluid are magnetically laminated, sintered, hardened, etc., to mention a few.

To put it bluntly, there are quite a few in academia who continue to rebut these most simple physical laws, whereas if they just looked up the basic foundations of their sciences and realized simple potentials, they could open up to the real world. Of course, we realize that our business is to direct our full energies and research in this area, so we are prone to take a lot for granted whereas other scientists have not developed this knowledge. In the July 21, 1991 issue of New Scientist (London), the British Internal Combustion Engine, Research of Slough, England, an independent testing laboratory, has confirmed that the magnetic treatment of fuel has improved the fuel economy of a normally aspirated diesel engine by
7.5%. Tests on gasoline engines are currently underway. It isn't easy to dispute, however, neither are the state validated emissions tests.

The basic issue here is that these are strong, clearly identifiable results. Scale is dissolved along with surface tension reduced (softening) and combustion efficiency is increased in all fluid fuels. There are many questions in waveform or particle quantum mechanics, but at a higher and more basic physical understanding, magnetic fluids physics is very simple.